diff --git a/server/routes/api/authenticationProviders/authenticationProviders.ts b/server/routes/api/authenticationProviders/authenticationProviders.ts
index 01c754e07..79b873485 100644
--- a/server/routes/api/authenticationProviders/authenticationProviders.ts
+++ b/server/routes/api/authenticationProviders/authenticationProviders.ts
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 import Router from "koa-router";
-import { sequelize } from "@server/database/sequelize";
 import auth from "@server/middlewares/authentication";
+import { transaction } from "@server/middlewares/transaction";
 import validate from "@server/middlewares/validate";
 import { AuthenticationProvider, Event } from "@server/models";
 import AuthenticationHelper from "@server/models/helpers/AuthenticationHelper";
@@ -36,45 +36,38 @@ router.post(
   "authenticationProviders.update",
   auth({ admin: true }),
   validate(T.AuthenticationProvidersUpdateSchema),
+  transaction(),
   async (ctx: APIContext<T.AuthenticationProvidersUpdateReq>) => {
+    const { transaction } = ctx.state;
     const { id, isEnabled } = ctx.input.body;
     const { user } = ctx.state.auth;
 
-    const authenticationProvider = await sequelize.transaction(
-      async (transaction) => {
-        const authenticationProvider = await AuthenticationProvider.findByPk(
-          id,
-          {
-            transaction,
-            lock: transaction.LOCK.UPDATE,
-          }
-        );
+    const authenticationProvider = await AuthenticationProvider.findByPk(id, {
+      transaction,
+      lock: transaction.LOCK.UPDATE,
+    });
 
-        authorize(user, "update", authenticationProvider);
-        const enabled = !!isEnabled;
+    authorize(user, "update", authenticationProvider);
+    const enabled = !!isEnabled;
 
-        if (enabled) {
-          await authenticationProvider.enable({ transaction });
-        } else {
-          await authenticationProvider.disable({ transaction });
-        }
+    if (enabled) {
+      await authenticationProvider.enable({ transaction });
+    } else {
+      await authenticationProvider.disable({ transaction });
+    }
 
-        await Event.create(
-          {
-            name: "authenticationProviders.update",
-            data: {
-              enabled,
-            },
-            modelId: id,
-            teamId: user.teamId,
-            actorId: user.id,
-            ip: ctx.request.ip,
-          },
-          { transaction }
-        );
-
-        return authenticationProvider;
-      }
+    await Event.create(
+      {
+        name: "authenticationProviders.update",
+        data: {
+          enabled,
+        },
+        modelId: id,
+        teamId: user.teamId,
+        actorId: user.id,
+        ip: ctx.request.ip,
+      },
+      { transaction }
     );
 
     ctx.body = {
diff --git a/server/routes/api/documents/documents.ts b/server/routes/api/documents/documents.ts
index dc6b42f71..25f152e84 100644
--- a/server/routes/api/documents/documents.ts
+++ b/server/routes/api/documents/documents.ts
@@ -12,7 +12,6 @@ import documentLoader from "@server/commands/documentLoader";
 import documentMover from "@server/commands/documentMover";
 import documentPermanentDeleter from "@server/commands/documentPermanentDeleter";
 import documentUpdater from "@server/commands/documentUpdater";
-import { sequelize } from "@server/database/sequelize";
 import env from "@server/env";
 import {
   NotFoundError,
@@ -24,6 +23,7 @@ import {
 import Logger from "@server/logging/Logger";
 import auth from "@server/middlewares/authentication";
 import { rateLimiter } from "@server/middlewares/rateLimiter";
+import { transaction } from "@server/middlewares/transaction";
 import validate from "@server/middlewares/validate";
 import {
   Backlink,
@@ -891,7 +891,9 @@ router.post(
   "documents.update",
   auth(),
   validate(T.DocumentsUpdateSchema),
+  transaction(),
   async (ctx: APIContext<T.DocumentsUpdateReq>) => {
+    const { transaction } = ctx.state;
     const { id, apiVersion, insightsEnabled, publish, collectionId, ...input } =
       ctx.input.body;
     const editorVersion = ctx.headers["x-editor-version"] as string | undefined;
@@ -922,28 +924,24 @@ router.post(
       authorize(user, "createDocument", collection);
     }
 
-    collection = await sequelize.transaction(async (transaction) => {
-      await documentUpdater({
-        document,
-        user,
-        ...input,
-        publish,
-        collectionId,
-        insightsEnabled,
-        editorVersion,
-        transaction,
-        ip: ctx.request.ip,
-      });
-
-      if (!document.collectionId) {
-        return null;
-      }
-
-      return await Collection.scope({
-        method: ["withMembership", user.id],
-      }).findByPk(document.collectionId, { transaction });
+    await documentUpdater({
+      document,
+      user,
+      ...input,
+      publish,
+      collectionId,
+      insightsEnabled,
+      editorVersion,
+      transaction,
+      ip: ctx.request.ip,
     });
 
+    collection = document.collectionId
+      ? await Collection.scope({
+          method: ["withMembership", user.id],
+        }).findByPk(document.collectionId, { transaction })
+      : null;
+
     document.updatedBy = user;
     document.collection = collection;
 
@@ -966,7 +964,9 @@ router.post(
   "documents.move",
   auth(),
   validate(T.DocumentsMoveSchema),
+  transaction(),
   async (ctx: APIContext<T.DocumentsMoveReq>) => {
+    const { transaction } = ctx.state;
     const { id, collectionId, parentDocumentId, index } = ctx.input.body;
     const { user } = ctx.state.auth;
     const document = await Document.findByPk(id, {
@@ -990,18 +990,15 @@ router.post(
       }
     }
 
-    const { documents, collections, collectionChanged } =
-      await sequelize.transaction(async (transaction) =>
-        documentMover({
-          user,
-          document,
-          collectionId,
-          parentDocumentId,
-          index,
-          ip: ctx.request.ip,
-          transaction,
-        })
-      );
+    const { documents, collections, collectionChanged } = await documentMover({
+      user,
+      document,
+      collectionId,
+      parentDocumentId,
+      index,
+      ip: ctx.request.ip,
+      transaction,
+    });
 
     ctx.body = {
       data: {
@@ -1167,6 +1164,7 @@ router.post(
   "documents.import",
   auth(),
   validate(T.DocumentsImportSchema),
+  transaction(),
   async (ctx: APIContext<T.DocumentsImportReq>) => {
     if (!ctx.is("multipart/form-data")) {
       throw InvalidRequestError("Request type must be multipart/form-data");
@@ -1187,6 +1185,7 @@ router.post(
       );
     }
 
+    const { transaction } = ctx.state;
     const { user } = ctx.state.auth;
 
     const collection = await Collection.scope({
@@ -1213,28 +1212,26 @@ router.post(
     }
 
     const content = await fs.readFile(file.filepath);
-    const document = await sequelize.transaction(async (transaction) => {
-      const { text, state, title } = await documentImporter({
-        user,
-        fileName: file.originalFilename ?? file.newFilename,
-        mimeType: file.mimetype ?? "",
-        content,
-        ip: ctx.request.ip,
-        transaction,
-      });
+    const { text, state, title } = await documentImporter({
+      user,
+      fileName: file.originalFilename ?? file.newFilename,
+      mimeType: file.mimetype ?? "",
+      content,
+      ip: ctx.request.ip,
+      transaction,
+    });
 
-      return documentCreator({
-        source: "import",
-        title,
-        text,
-        state,
-        publish,
-        collectionId,
-        parentDocumentId,
-        user,
-        ip: ctx.request.ip,
-        transaction,
-      });
+    const document = await documentCreator({
+      source: "import",
+      title,
+      text,
+      state,
+      publish,
+      collectionId,
+      parentDocumentId,
+      user,
+      ip: ctx.request.ip,
+      transaction,
     });
 
     document.collection = collection;
@@ -1250,6 +1247,7 @@ router.post(
   "documents.create",
   auth(),
   validate(T.DocumentsCreateSchema),
+  transaction(),
   async (ctx: APIContext<T.DocumentsCreateReq>) => {
     const {
       title = "",
@@ -1263,6 +1261,7 @@ router.post(
     } = ctx.input.body;
     const editorVersion = ctx.headers["x-editor-version"] as string | undefined;
 
+    const { transaction } = ctx.state;
     const { user } = ctx.state.auth;
 
     let collection;
@@ -1302,22 +1301,20 @@ router.post(
       authorize(user, "read", templateDocument);
     }
 
-    const document = await sequelize.transaction(async (transaction) =>
-      documentCreator({
-        title,
-        text,
-        publish,
-        collectionId,
-        parentDocumentId,
-        templateDocument,
-        template,
-        fullWidth,
-        user,
-        editorVersion,
-        ip: ctx.request.ip,
-        transaction,
-      })
-    );
+    const document = await documentCreator({
+      title,
+      text,
+      publish,
+      collectionId,
+      parentDocumentId,
+      templateDocument,
+      template,
+      fullWidth,
+      user,
+      editorVersion,
+      ip: ctx.request.ip,
+      transaction,
+    });
 
     document.collection = collection;
 
diff --git a/server/routes/api/stars/stars.ts b/server/routes/api/stars/stars.ts
index af5a6e782..b2bc6b734 100644
--- a/server/routes/api/stars/stars.ts
+++ b/server/routes/api/stars/stars.ts
@@ -3,8 +3,8 @@ import { Sequelize } from "sequelize";
 import starCreator from "@server/commands/starCreator";
 import starDestroyer from "@server/commands/starDestroyer";
 import starUpdater from "@server/commands/starUpdater";
-import { sequelize } from "@server/database/sequelize";
 import auth from "@server/middlewares/authentication";
+import { transaction } from "@server/middlewares/transaction";
 import validate from "@server/middlewares/validate";
 import { Document, Star, Collection } from "@server/models";
 import { authorize } from "@server/policies";
@@ -24,7 +24,9 @@ router.post(
   "stars.create",
   auth(),
   validate(T.StarsCreateSchema),
+  transaction(),
   async (ctx: APIContext<T.StarsCreateReq>) => {
+    const { transaction } = ctx.state;
     const { documentId, collectionId, index } = ctx.input.body;
     const { user } = ctx.state.auth;
 
@@ -42,16 +44,15 @@ router.post(
       authorize(user, "star", collection);
     }
 
-    const star = await sequelize.transaction(async (transaction) =>
-      starCreator({
-        user,
-        documentId,
-        collectionId,
-        ip: ctx.request.ip,
-        index,
-        transaction,
-      })
-    );
+    const star = await starCreator({
+      user,
+      documentId,
+      collectionId,
+      ip: ctx.request.ip,
+      index,
+      transaction,
+    });
+
     ctx.body = {
       data: presentStar(star),
       policies: presentPolicies(user, [star]),
diff --git a/server/routes/api/teams/teams.ts b/server/routes/api/teams/teams.ts
index 0fe6cfd1f..0fd94da2f 100644
--- a/server/routes/api/teams/teams.ts
+++ b/server/routes/api/teams/teams.ts
@@ -2,7 +2,6 @@ import invariant from "invariant";
 import Router from "koa-router";
 import teamCreator from "@server/commands/teamCreator";
 import teamUpdater from "@server/commands/teamUpdater";
-import { sequelize } from "@server/database/sequelize";
 import auth from "@server/middlewares/authentication";
 import { rateLimiter } from "@server/middlewares/rateLimiter";
 import { transaction } from "@server/middlewares/transaction";
@@ -49,7 +48,9 @@ router.post(
   "teams.create",
   rateLimiter(RateLimiterStrategy.FivePerHour),
   auth(),
+  transaction(),
   async (ctx: APIContext) => {
+    const { transaction } = ctx.state;
     const { user } = ctx.state.auth;
     const { name } = ctx.request.body;
 
@@ -73,42 +74,38 @@ router.post(
       "Team must have at least one authentication provider"
     );
 
-    const [team, newUser] = await sequelize.transaction(async (transaction) => {
-      const team = await teamCreator({
-        name,
-        subdomain: name,
-        authenticationProviders,
-        ip: ctx.ip,
-        transaction,
-      });
-
-      const newUser = await User.create(
-        {
-          teamId: team.id,
-          name: user.name,
-          email: user.email,
-          isAdmin: true,
-        },
-        { transaction }
-      );
-
-      await Event.create(
-        {
-          name: "users.create",
-          actorId: user.id,
-          userId: newUser.id,
-          teamId: newUser.teamId,
-          data: {
-            name: newUser.name,
-          },
-          ip: ctx.ip,
-        },
-        { transaction }
-      );
-
-      return [team, newUser];
+    const team = await teamCreator({
+      name,
+      subdomain: name,
+      authenticationProviders,
+      ip: ctx.ip,
+      transaction,
     });
 
+    const newUser = await User.create(
+      {
+        teamId: team.id,
+        name: user.name,
+        email: user.email,
+        isAdmin: true,
+      },
+      { transaction }
+    );
+
+    await Event.create(
+      {
+        name: "users.create",
+        actorId: user.id,
+        userId: newUser.id,
+        teamId: newUser.teamId,
+        data: {
+          name: newUser.name,
+        },
+        ip: ctx.ip,
+      },
+      { transaction }
+    );
+
     ctx.body = {
       success: true,
       data: {